UrAtome und Orbitale

Z		positiv: +1
11	Na	[Ne] 3s1	Natrium
29	Cu	[Ar] 3d10 4s1	Kupfer
47	Ag	[Kr] 4d10 5s1	Silber
Z		negativ: -1 (Maximum ist p6)
17	Cl	[Ne] 3s2 5p5	Chlor
35	Br	[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p5	Brom
53	I	[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p5	Jod

Vierflach

Z		positiv: +2
4	Be	[He] 2s2	Beryllium
20	Ca	[Ar] 4s2	Calzium
38	Sr	[Kr] 5s2	Strontium
12	Mg	[Ne] 3s2	Magnesium
30	Zn	[Ar] 4d10 4s2	Zink
48	Cd	[Kr] 4d10 5s2	Cadmium
Z		negativ: -2    (Maximum ist p6)
16	S	[Ne] 3s2 3p4	Schwefel
32	Se	[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p4	Selen
52	Te	[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p4	Tellurium
8	O	[He] 2s2 2p4 (etwas abweichend)	Sauerstoff
24	Cr	[Ar] 3d5 4s (Lehrbuch, experimentell) [Ar] 3d4 4s2 (Theorie ?)	Chrom
42	Mo	[Kr] 4d5 5s (Lehrbuch, experimentell) [Kr] 4d4 5s2 (Theorie ?)	Molybdän

Würfel

Z		positiv: +1
5	B	[He] 2s2 2p1	Bor
21	Sc	[Ar] 3d1 4s2	Scandium
39	Y	[Kr] 4d1 5s2	Yttrium
13	Al	[Ne] 3s2 3p1	Aluminium
31	Ga	[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1	Gallium
49	In	[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1	Indium
Z		negativ: -3 oder  -7
7	N	[He] 2s2 3p3	Stickstoff
23	V	[Ar] 3d3 3s2	Vanadium
41	Nb	[Kr] 4d4 5s1 (Lehrbuch, experimentell) [Kr] 4d3 5s2 (Theorie ?)	Niob
15	P	[Ne] 3s2 3p3	Phosphor
33	As	[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p3	Arsen
51	Sb	[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p3	Antimon

Stäbe /Barren :
Kein äußeres p-Orbital oder p5 oder d5, Bsp: Fe, Ni, Co, Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, Pt

Sterne:
Edelgase, Bsp. Neon

Achtflach:
Wie Vierflach +2 mehrmals, Bsp. Kohlenstoff, Titan

 

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